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J O H N H E N R Y C A R D I N A L N E W M A N Who is Newman? John Henry Newman was born in London on February 21, 1801, and at the age of fifteen, he enrolled in Trinity College, beginning an association with Oxford University that would last for nearly thirty years. Newman moved from Trinity to Oriel College after receiving his bachelor's degree in 1820, becoming a fellow in 1822 and a tutor in 1826. In 1828 Edward Hawkins became the new provost of Oriel. Newman believed that the tutorship carried some pastoral duties, while Hawkins maintained that the tutor/student relationship should be strictly academic. So Newman forced to leave his position 1832. Newman's work in Oxford did not end with his resignation from the Oriel tutorship. He had held academic and pastoral assignments simultaneously for several years until 1843. The high point of Newman's Anglican career was his influential role in the Oxford Movement, a High Church effort to return to the foundations of the faith--the sacraments, episcopal governance, and apostolic succession--and to affirm the Church's status as the via media, the middle ground between Roman Catholicism's unfounded claims to authority and infallibility and the Dissenters' equally unfounded emphasis upon spiritual liberty and private judgment. In 1839, Newman began to lose confidence in the cause and he became convinced that Rome, not Canterbury, was the home of the true Church. He expressed his new views in Tract Ninety, in which he argued that the Thirty-Nine Articles, the doctrinal statement of the Church of England, could be interpreted in a way that supported Roman Catholic doctrine. So he was censured by the Oxford authorities and led to Newman's rapid withdrawal from Anglican life. Newman began a new life as a Roman Catholic. He was officially received into the Church on October 9, 1845 and was ordained to the priesthood the next year. His work with the Church included establishing the Oratory of St. Philip Neri near Birmingham in 1848 and helping to create the Catholic University of Ireland, which he served as rector from 1854 to 1858. He continued to write as well; some of the major publications of his Catholic years were Parochial and Plain Sermons (1868), a new edition of his Anglican discourses; The Idea of University (1852), a collection of the inaugural lectures for the Catholic University and other academic essays; An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent (1870), a treatise on the philosophy of religion; and Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1864), his classic work of spiritual autobiography. The 1870s brought Newman special recognition for his work as both an Anglican and a Roman Catholic. In 1877 he became the first person elected to an honorary fellowship of Trinity College; two years later, Pope Leo XIII awarded him a place in the College of Cardinals. He died on August 11, 1890, and was buried in Warwickshire. His epitaph reads, "Ex umbris et imaginibus in veritatem"--"out of shadows and pictures into truth." Famous Quotes "The true and adequate end of intellectual training and of a university is not learning or acquirement, but rather is thought or reason exercised upon knowledge, or what may be called philosophy." "I wish the intellect to range with the utmost freedom, and religion to enjoy an equal freedom; but what I am stipulating for is, that they should be found in one and the same place, and exemplified in the same persons.... It will not satisfy me, what satisfies so many, to have two independent systems, intellectual and religious, going at once side by side, by a sort of division of labor, and only accidentally brought together.... I want the intellectual layman to be religious, and the devout ecclesiastic to be intellectual." "God has created me to do him some definite service; He has committed some work to me which he has not committed to another. I have my mission; I never may know it in this life, but I shall be told it in the next. I have a part in a great work; I am a link in a chain, a bond of connection between persons. He has not created me for naught. I shall do good, I shall do His work; I shall be an angel of peace, a preacher of truth in my own place, while not intending it, if I do but keep His commandments and serve Him in my calling." "The idea which represents an object or supposed object is commensurate with the sum total of its possible aspects...all the aspects of an idea are capable of coalition." "...By which the aspects of an idea are brought into consistency and form...in the busy scene of human life...modifying and incorporating with iself existing modes of thinking and operation." "The elementary proposition of this new philosophy which is now so threatening is this -- that in all things we must go by reason, in nothing by faith."(The Infidelity of the Future") For More Information:
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